What Makes an Entrepreneur? (1/11) – Tenacity

by Mark Suster on December 15, 2009

phelps olympicsThis is part of my new series on what makes an entrepreneur successful.  I originally posted it on VentureHacks, one of my favorite websites for entrepreneurs. If you haven’t spent time over there you should.

I wanted to also post the series here to have it as a resource on my blog for future entrepreneurs who stop by.  I wanted to get the conversation going in the comments section around each topic because I think as much value comes from the comments section as comes from the original post (as I noted in this post: Comments are the New Black).  And so I’ll elaborate on some of the topics more than I did in my VentureHacks post to try and make it worthwhile for anybody who read it over there.

One of the questions I’m most often asked as a VC is what I’m looking for in an investment.  For me I’ve stated publicly that 70% of my investment decision is the team and most of this is skewed toward the founders.  I’ve watched people who went to the top schools, got the best grades and worked for all the right companies flame out.

So what skills does it take to be a successful entrepreneur?  What attributes am I looking for during the process?  Having been through the experience as an entrepreneur twice myself I have developed a list of what I think it takes.  This post covers the first out of 10 that I’ll write about.

1. Tenacity – Tenacity is probably the most important attribute in an entrepreneur.  It’s the person who never gives up – who never accepts “no” for an answer.  The world is filled with doubters who say that things can’t be done and then pronounce after the fact that they “knew it all along.”  Look at Google.  You think that anybody really believed 1999 that two young kids out of Stanford had a shot at unseating Yahoo!, Excite, Ask Jeeves and Lycos?  Yeah, right.  Trust me, whatever you want to build you’ll be told by most VC’s something like, “Social networking has already been done,” “You’ll never get a telecom carrier deal done,” or “Google already has a product in this area.”  You’ll be told by the people you want to recruit that they’re not sure about joining, by a landlord that you’ll need a year’s deposit or by a potential business development partner that they’re too busy to work with you, “come back in 6 months.”

If you’re already running a startup you know all this.  But some founders have that extra quality that makes them never give up.  At times it goes as far as being chutzpah.  And I see this extra dose of tenacity in only about 1 of 10 entrepreneurs that I see.  And if you’re not naturally one of these people you probably know it, too.  You see that peer who always pushes things further than you normally would.  What are you going to get further out of your comfort zone and be more tenacious?  It is really what separates the wheat from the chaff.

I once had a debate with a prominent VC on a panel.  The moderator asked the question, “if an entrepreneur writes an email to a VC and doesn’t hear back what should they do?”  This VC responded, “Move on.  Next on the checklist.  He’s not interested.”  Without much thought I shot back, “That’s the worst advice I’ve ever heard someone give an entrepreneur.”  Doh.  I almost couldn’t believe I had blurted it out, but what came out of my mouth was so heart felt that it just rolled out.

If you fold at the first un-returned email what hope to you have as an entrepreneur? As an entrepreneur people who aren’t going to respond to you and it’s your responsibility to politely and assertively stay on people’s radar screen. You no longer work for Google, Oracle, Salesforce.com or McKinsey where everybody calls you back.  You had no idea how important that brand name was until you left it behind.  Your customers don’t care that you went to Stanford, Harvard or MIT.  It’s just you now.  And frankly if you went to a state college in Florida you’re at no disadvantage in the tenacity column.  Persistence will pay off.

A simple example

When I launched my second company I was new to Silicon Valley.  I had spent the previous 11 years in Europe and Japan.  My company was relatively unknown.  We were launching a cloud-based document management into a space that was increasingly being called Enterprise 2.0.  It just so happened that there was a conference coming up run by a guy named Ismael Ghalimi, a very well respected software executive who also was keeping a blog at the time for companies in the space.officepanel1

He was having his first ever conference and people from the who’s who of VC firms in Silicon Valley would be attending.  There were also press and other senior executives from the sector.  I got my friends over at Lewis PR to give me an introduction to Ismael, who kindly invited me to present at the conference.  He sent me the schedule and I was to speak on the second day in an afternoon session in a break-out room.  Ugh.

I wrote to Ismael requesting that I be on in the first day and in a panel on the main stage with Om Malik, Shel Israel, Rajen Sheth (from Google),  Karen Leavitt (WebEx) and Ismael himself.  He wrote back and told me it wasn’t going to be possible.  I emailed him back with my bona fides and made the case again.  He, being the nicest guy in the world, very politely told me it wasn’t possible.  I had a friend email him and tell him what a great panelist I was.  I called Ismael directly.  I came up lots of reasons why I was the perfect fit.  He said he would think about it but that the stage was already crowded. “Yes, but you don’t have any startups on the stage.  I think it would make a better balance.”

I asked him to breakfast to talk about it.  I know he didn’t really want me on the panel but I knew it was too important for me in gaining recognition.  I walked the very fine line between pushing the boundaries with my chutzpah but not crossing the line.  In the end he relented and this was a very important session for me in building out early awareness for Koral.  The picture above is from the actual event courtesy of Dan Farber who was writing for ZDNet.  And in the end I became quite good friends with Ismael, whom I miss since I’ve moved to LA.

For those who know me well know that this is just a normal day in the life of Mark Suster.  It’s not always pretty, but it’s part of my DNA.  I can’t help it.  And it’s one of the things I look for in entrepreneurs I evaluate.  Some companies don’t push hard enough.  Others cross the line.  I wish I could tell you some formula for the right amount of chutzpah but I’ve always said it’s a bit like art – you know it when you see it.

Next up: Street Smarts.

Some related articles for you if you haven’t read them related to tenacity:

- How to follow up with a VC

- How to build relationships with a VC

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  • Mark, appreciate your tenacity post, in particular some of the comments drawing parallels with other human behavior patterns based on socioeconomic position (or perspective). I can relate. I was homeless the first five years of my life, then was raised by an upper middle class family, went to college, dropped out and joined the US Military and became a Navy SEAL. Left in 2006 after a 15 year career in "the teams" to pursue my other passions which are entrepreneurship, developing my skill at "low friction innovation" designs, edge computing and field information tech.

    My primary focus is building and growing Sofcoast, which is in the Situational Awareness business and is positioning to collapse fragmented niche markets through horizontally integrating and leveraging massive creation activity in vertical niches such as commercial mobile; networked; location aware tech, just in time manufacturing, material science, manufacturing processes.

    Consider me a fan and follower!

    Best Wishes,

    John
    @sofcoast
  • Mark, your personal stories are always great and really ground the discussion. I kept hearing Marvin Gaye's "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" while reading this.

    I know I am very late to this blog but I wonder how the "you" of today would have felt about the "you" of yesterday approaching yourself like you approached Ismael. Would a VC simply "relent" on something equivalently as large as Ismael's conference when faced with a persistent - but polite - person? Are there examples in your experience that come to mind (from the other side of the table)?
  • One thing that can make a potential entrepreneur especially tenacious: a lack of options.

    Both times I've started companies it was because a) I was out of work, b) the economy had killed my current career path, c) I was basically a useless employee anyhow, and d) the bills were about to come due.

    Its surprising how hard an otherwise uninspired / lazy kid can work when the above factors come into play. Not that I'd recommend deliberately setting oneself up for that.
  • David Mamet (the famous American playwright) tells actors never to have a "fall back position" -- a more "practical" career choice as a day job -- because invariably, if you have a fall back position, you will fall back to it.
  • federicorevello
    I agree

    I pushed and pushed to get my dream job.
    Its a very thin line.
    I was doing something very different.
    So I always told people in the radio, nespaper, etc that I was
    an entrepreneur, phd in marketing, and that I had been in more than 100 conferences.

    cause they were starting to belive I was mad lol


    And I will never quit untill I get the job.

    I dont care how long it takes.

    hope you like my story

    What I did and what I{m doing to get a job with U2:

    36 Days To work For U2

    http://www.facebook.com/notes/federico-revello/...
  • Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence.
    Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent
    Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb.
    Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts.
    Persistence and determination are omnipotent.
    The slogan 'press on' has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race. - Calvin Coolidge
  • Great quote! David Fishman ... that quotinator! Keep 'em coming. Good to see you again at DealMaker.
  • I think a related point is summed up well by this quote from Seth Godin: "Persistence isn't using the same tactics over and over. That's just annoying. Persistence is having the same goal over and over." (http://bit.ly/wEEKC)
  • Mark - thought I'd share this re: Fred's response to your post about tenacity. It's from my mother (an immigrant entrepreneur) and I'll share it despite the flack I'll catch from my friends:

    "yes tenacity is what you got from your dad who quit his great paying job [as a chef] to start his own catering company when his wife was 6 months pregnant with you - "baby tenacious" - so yes you got it while in the womb. oh yeah he also got me a job while I was 9 months pregnant and the board came to interview me at the house in case I went into labor... Tenacity and BELIEF in the product equals success."
  • I think I would laugh, but not give you flack. I get your mom in all of this. Sounds like a strong woman. Good mom.
    As for your friends, thwap 'em over the head with one of your dad's spoons with a serious look. That will treat them for disrespecting your mom.

    That will teach them...
  • morganmclintic
    Good advice Mark. And glad to have helped in some small way with the intro. Working your network, and bringing others to bear can make all the difference as you have shown here. Thanks for the kind words.
  • Yes, Morgan, that was your introduction and my memory is long. I had a great experience working with Lewis PR in London (as you know) and I'm loyal to those who helped me and delivered. Hope we get a chance down the road to work together again.
  • Hi.. I was just reading through this and realised I had already read it on another blog. It is a great read thanks... I referenced it in my post 'Venture Investors and Why You Should Be Picky'
  • Awesome post Mark! Reading your story reminded me of an experience I had with a prospect a few
    months ago. He was somewhat interested in our product, but never really. I figured I could convince him
    and make the sale and ended up spending a lot of time preparing documents/material and travelling (he wasnt local) to meet him in person probably 5-6 times (he wasnt even a big account). Despite of all this, he never agreed to buy the product. Maybe I didnt sell hard enough, not sure.

    Then I decided to 'size up' prospects and figure out whether they would eventually buy to save the lost effort
    and lost time that could have been spent elsewhere. Based on my gut or info I obtain from them, I try to gauge how much time/effort is needed. This is the tough part. Sometimes its not possible to gauge. So I try a set number of times to convert the 'nos' to 'yess'. After that I figure its sunk cost. But giving up quickly can be disastrous like you say.
  • Rahul, one of the things I learned about sales (and will cover when I do my sales & marketing series) is that the most important three things to know are: qualify, qualify, qualify. In other words, the best sales people are the ones who figured out how to get to "no" the quickest so they don't burn sales cycles on customers that are ready or aren't able to buy.
  • "Tenacity" is a very nice word. We have a saying in Hokkien that basically means the same thing. If my memory serves me right, I believe it is Mr Goh Chok Tong, the former PM of Singapore, who mentioned in his speech.
    The literal translation is, "The dog wont give up, even if you beaten it to death."
  • Interesting. I love learning words / sayings from other cultures / languages. Having lived in many countries myself I have a collection of these. Thank you.
  • laurenporat
    I just want to echo everyone else's thanks and kudos on this and all your other great posts, Mark. I geekily look forward to every one of your emails. It seems that every one of your posts get increasingly timely and relevant for me as I'm growing my business - what's up with that? :)
    Whenever I meet anyone - entrepreneur, potential partner, vendor, etc. - the question I ask myself is, "are they a 'yes, and...' person? Because anything other than that ('no, and', 'no, but', or even 'yes, but') will not do.
  • Thank you for the feedback - very kind. Funny about your language. I once took a course in business communications (I worked at a big company back then) and one of the biggest things he warned us about was the "I hear what you're saying" statement because it's always followed by a "but" and people hate buts. It's like falsely being complimentary which is worse than just disagreeing. Thanks for the idea. It's on my list.
  • double post
  • First a big thanks to Mark for doing this series of posts, which in the (not-so) long run will be a de facto go-to guide for up and coming entrepreneurs.

    But Mark, why didn't you give the Tokyo example!! It's one of the best chutzpah tales of ALL TIME!!!
  • Ha! Actually, Tyler, I was going to write about that in a future post called, "It's better to beg for forgiveness than ask for permission" which is already on my Startup Advice list as an item for me to write about. Too funny - you already know all my stories. Actually, the story I wanted to tell here was how I was able to get transferred out to Europe when we were in the midst of the last recession and they didn't want any more Yanks out there. I thought about it but I love that story so much (and it so changed the course of my life) that I was going to do that in a post all by itself in the future. So I went with a less impactful example.
  • I think a connected point can be summed up well by this quote from Seth Godin: "Persistence isn't using the same tactics over and over. That's just annoying. Persistence is having the same goal over and over." (http://bit.ly/wEEKC)
  • Mark, I first want to say thank you so much for your posts. I learn from every single one of them.

    This post however is probably one of your best, if not THE best post, to date.

    IMHO, if you don't have tenacity (persistence), then there is no resiliency, there is no ability to pivot, there are no next 9 attributes that you will post about in the future.

    Thanks again and I will close with this:

    "Let me tell you the secret that has led me to my goal. My strength lies solely in my tenacity."
    Louis Pasteur
  • Awesome quote! Thank you.
  • andrew_r_wilson
    Mark -- This is right on point. I would argue that tenacity trumps creativity or vision which are terms also frequently assoicated with entrepreneurs. I have often been called the most persistent person that people still like . . . I think that is a compliment -- right?!?! Business building is extroardinarily difficult so if you are not prepared for hard work and frustration (especially in this climate) then probably not worth starting. I think the challenge is figuring out at what point your hypothesis needs to be changed versus continuing to drive forward through the brick wall.
  • Andy, I love the quote, "the most persistent person that people still like." That's so awesome and I can see that in you. re: change direction vs. brick wall ... yes, I think there is a difference between tenacity and lack of flexibility in thinking. One of the 11 is "ability to pivot" where I talk about the need to change direction when things aren't working so we're totally aligned.
  • Coincidentally, I got this in an email from Fred Wilson this morning...

    "raising money is about turning nos into yeses over time"

    Which is cool because we're doing exactly that.
  • He's right. Too many people think that you can just go through a 1-month fund raising process, meet investors you've never met before and convince them to give you money based on the strength of the idea. In my experience it rarely works that way.
  • Very true... Lesson learned firsthand. Consequently, we've bootstrapped our
    biz for 2 years and are starting to take off. Thus, our momentum updates to
    the investors we have an actual relationship with are much more powerful
    now.
  • Is your team a Jekyll and Hyde group (works day jobs to pay the bills, develops business at night)?

    That's the track I'm on now, good to see a measure of success after a couple of years.
  • We all started full-time, but we knew it would be hell raising money in the nuclear winter that has been the economy recently, so we took part-time work to stay alive...

    Trade night for day with me - I've been bartending. Not the best option if you have to work any weeknights (I've pulled all-nighters, getting off the bar at 4am and ready for meetings at 8am) but it keeps most days free to work, pitch, call customers etc. Most importantly, we could use the little angel money we had to pay business bills and not my rent.

    My engineer does some consulting - taking projects that let him learn new code for our business on someone else's dime first. Having one limited engineer has forced us to only build the most essential features for our app and it's been great for development. Further, we have a very focused product roadmap going forward.

    And at one point, my third and final co-founder - largely in charge of biz dev - was dog-walking for extra cash.

    We've pared down on the 2nd jobs recently, as our momentum has picked up. It's not the ideal situation, but we're all athletes who understand that you do whatever it takes to win.
  • That sounds like you've got what it takes, Reece. Very inspiring!
  • Thanks David.
  • Great background story/company history. I took some
    time off last year (was in a tough spot outlook wise). After some serious soul searching writing helped me sift through a huge potential of futures and founding a startup pulled me in like a gravity well. My partner is a much more adept web coding wizard, while I'm an improvised hacker with a desktop programming/engineering background. I went back part time in May to propose to my fiancé (I couldn't wait :).

    I started pursuing the idea in July and built a rickedy prototype (no database, mashup of php). Bumped into Tyler while we were both editing a Google wave and went through my instinctive pitch (semantic social driven ads
    and search). Sent him some sample code (he was about the sixth other person I had talked to in detail about the idea besides blogging about it). He made it work better, then reinvented it in Ruby and forced me to learn.

    So many little details are needed to improve the user experience though.
  • You're doing what you gotta do.

    Funny about your fiance, my co-founder/CTO started the company with me, proposed to his fiance and quit his job all in the same month.

    Starting is the hardest part...
  • Thanks Mark. I really enjoyed the original list and appreciate now the elaboration. Your list reminds me a lot of Paul Graham's What Startups Are Really Like . Both provide good inspiration and guidance to those in the midst of the battle (I'm in the thick of things myself now getting my second start-up off of the ground).

    Looking forward to the next one.
  • Shane
    Great post.

    However, as a counterpoint, you must be ready to change direction immediately if the situation dictates. For instance, we recently had a change in strategy regarding the execution of our business model. For almost two weeks we have been working the phones and doggedly pursuing potential partners. However, a couple of days ago, we decided to move in a different direction. While we are pursuing essentially the same partners, the sales pitch has changed rather dramatically. The ability to abandon old strategies, even though you were voracious in pursuing them, is almost as important as the initial tenacity.
  • I don't think it's a "counter" point. I think tenacity matters but as you'll see in a future post that the "ability to pivot" is also high on my list of attributes that I believe matter. I think the two are consistent.
  • Out of curiosity, in the example above where he finally let you speak on the all-star panel, do you know what the reason is? Was he finally convinced of your credibility, .. or impressed by your tenacity, .. or .. ?

    I'm thinking that if you're genuinely offering someone something that is of value to that person, if they person don't understand it, then they will reject it. Therefore, your job is to demonstrate and prove to the person, that <whatever it is you're pitching> is creating value for that person. Better, cheaper, faster, ...

    Chalk this up to a little P&L homework ;) we learn lessons from the battles we win and the ones we lose, right?
  • I supposed I'd have to let Ismael answer but if I were a betting man I'd say he likely just relented. He felt worn out from trying to say "no" and I wouldn't accept no. I was able to avoid being annoying but I wouldn't just accept no. He probably thought about it and finally said to himself, "I suppose it wouldn't hurt" so finally said yes. Often times when people are saying "no" they don't have compelling reasons. That's why I can be relentless as my wife will attest to.
  • I'm beginning to see "ideal running back" where I would expect founder feautures. If only I was a foot shorter, and twice as strong and fast ;).
  • I've always found that amongst the entrepreneurs or the 'entrepreneurs in training' that I know had this very trait. A few years back during my first job out of undergrad I was in the midst of a few sales calls and after hearing mild no's from some of the potential customers I gave up on them. I wish I remembered who told me the following, but alas my memory fails me:

    "If you leave the ball in their court, that's where it will be, go get the ball and bring it back to your court."

    I've probably butchered it a little bit, but the general idea is the same. Steve Blank recently had a great post about a similar topic and that is too many people mistake motion as action ( http://steveblank.com/2009/11/09/relentless-%E2... ).

    You need to constantly be in action and not just motion, that's what tenacity is.
  • Consider street beggars. Some give up straight away when you ignore them. Others are too pushy (get out of my face!). But the most effective ones are quietly persistent.

    As an ex-stockbroker, who once described his job as "institutionalized begging", I have no problem seeing myself and other entrepreneurs in these terms.

    Our clothes are hopefully better, but the dynamic is the same.
  • We only perceive our situation as different from begging. We prove that our begging is something more by creating real value, not just a flashy exit that evaporates.

    I had a good hour long discussion with someone who I believe was homeless (wrote it up here). There's an aspect to their perspective on life that shouldn't be ignored. A form of social evolution that ruthlessly ignores those in a tight spot. The events and choices that lead a person there are something I need to understand or at least come to terms with as I seek a value creating path.
  • It's why I say that I often prefer to invest in people not born with a silver spoon in their mouths (although I do break this rule). Because often these people see the street begging as beneath them.
  • double post
  • That's a great answer Mark, and reminds of one my favourite VC posts of all time from Stuart Ellman of RRE http://bit.ly/6UnBPo
  • poverty ftw!
  • So Buddhist :)
  • Hey David. Eloquently stated.

    In my world in NY, I'd say 'creatively insistent". The prototype is the subway entertainer, those folks who jump on the 2 train, disturb your day and at their best, make you feel inspired, drop $5 in their hat/buy their CD, shoot their photo with your iPhone and post it to Facebook all within an express train stop.

    The really tough thing is to be doggedly determined and still be flexible. Being driven and closed doesn't get you there ususally. Being driven, with character and creative enough to be flexible in your thinking is the winning and rare combo.
  • I am often accused of being stubborn, and I was wondering about the dividing line between Tenacity and Stubbornness. Thank you for your insight about determination and flexibility. It is really helpful.
  • To me, tenacity is dogged determination with intelligence and flexibility; stubbornness is often implacable tenacity with blinders on.

    I bet your 'accusers' are not slicing these terms well enough ;)
  • Am glad you pointed that out Arnold; Dogged determination without the ability to read the market, adapt/ pivot when necessary might make you an entrepreneur, but probably not a successful one.
  • Exactly!
  • the book here is like a head start for people like me. whenif you have time, keeping you on your toes about ideal financial document templates - an all-in-one-math-done resource would be a wow...
  • Yes, Jason. Still on my radar screen. I'm planning for January.
  • awesome Mark, rocknroll!
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